“decentralized Energy Generation: Empowering Communities Through Gas And Electricity” – Hybrid machine learning methods and a systematic model selection process for predicting soot emissions in compression ignition engines
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“decentralized Energy Generation: Empowering Communities Through Gas And Electricity”
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Demand Side Flexibility: A Cost Effective Resource For An Emergency Situation: If Not Activated Now, Then When?
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By Sophie Adams Sophie Adams Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, * , Donal Brown Donal Brown Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2 , Juan Pablo Cárdenas Álvarez Juan Pablo Cárdenas Álvarez Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 3 , Ruzanna Chitchyan Ruzanna Preprints Chitchyan Scilit. org Google Scholar 4 , Michael J. Fell Michael J. Fell Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 5 , Ulf J. J. Hahnel Ulf J. J. Hahnel Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 6 , Kristina Hojckova Kristina Hojckova Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 7 , Charlotte Johnson Charlotte Johnson Johnson Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 5 , Lurian Klein Lurian Klein Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 8 , Mehdi Montakhabi Mehdi Montakhabi Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 9 , Kelvin Say Kelvin Say Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 10 , Abhigyan Singh Singh Preprints .org Google Scholar 11 and Nicole Watson Nicole Watson Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 5
The Role Of Solar Energy In The Transition To A Carbon Free Economy
Received: 26 October 2021 / Revised: 12 November 2021 / Accepted: 16 November 2021 / Published: 24 November 2021
In recent years, a number of studies have explored the opportunities and challenges for new decentralized energy systems and business models. However, few studies have focused specifically on the economic and social value associated with three new models: peer-to-peer energy trading (P2P), community self-consumption (CSC), and transactive energy (TE). This article presents the findings of a systematic literature review to address this gap. The thesis makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it offers a synthesis of research on the social and economic value of P2P, CSC and TE systems, concluding that there is evidence for a range of sources of social value (including energy independence, local benefits, social relationships, environmental responsibility and participation and purpose) and economic value (including via own consumption of renewable electricity, reduced electricity import costs and improved electricity export prices). Second, it identifies factors and conditions necessary for the success of these models, which include willingness to participate, participant engagement with technology, and household and community project engagement, among other factors. Finally, conflicts and trade-offs in the values of the models are discussed, how the three models differ from each other with regard to the value they aim to deliver and some of the open challenges that require further attention from researchers and practitioners.
In recent years, a number of studies have explored the opportunities and challenges for new decentralized energy systems and business models. These include review articles discussing the potential contribution to low carbon energy systems from decentralized solar cells [1], electricity storage [2], smart grids [3] and microgrids [4]. Other review studies have focused on new business models [5], including demand-side management business models [6], peer-to-peer (P2P) trading [7], transactive energy (TE) markets [8] and microgrids involving community self-consumption ( CSC) [9]. However, few studies have focused specifically on the social and economic value that the P2P, TE and CSC business models create.
In this article, we address this gap. Our aim is to identify which forms of social and economic value are attributed to P2P, CSC and TE models in theory or in practice by the existing literature, and the factors that explain the extent to which these forms of value are realised. For example, these models are considered to hold the promise of economic benefits for participants in the form of reduced energy costs or income, as well as independence, empowerment and strengthened relationships for local communities. This article examines the evidence to support such expectations and attempts to explain where and why these models are embraced by participants. In addition to offering prosumers a more active role in electricity markets, these three models have different potential for value creation, and can therefore be addressed differently according to energy users’ preferences [10]. Although these models are emerging in the context of efforts to decarbonize energy systems around the world, this paper does not assess the environmental value that can be derived from these models. It considers environmental value only where such value is related to social and economic values that motivate participation in these models.
Decentralized Energy Grid
As this is an evolving and highly interdisciplinary field, a universally accepted definition of P2P, CSC and TE models is lacking. A systematic review of definitions from Watson and Gorbatcheva [11] found that all three models are characterized by small-scale participants, typically users with solar energy, who trade or share energy directly with each other. However, there are differences between the goals, scale, operation and management of each of the models [11]. P2P places greater emphasis on direct transactions between individuals without intermediaries, with competitive markets that can either be tied to a local community or include virtual commerce across a large geographic region. P2P may include participants who are heterogeneous in type but typically similar in scale. Incentives for participating in P2P markets can be individualistic, such as economic benefits, or relate to social or environmental outcomes. Transactive energy focuses more on outcomes related to system benefits, for example integration of distributed energy resources (DER) or balancing demand and supply through aggregation of participant loads. Transactive energy can operate across different levels of the electricity grid and scales, and includes different participants. In contrast, CSC is characterized by a smaller scale, often tied to a specific local area. CSCs have often shared ownership of generation assets, with the community itself acting as a legal entity for market participation. Of the three models, CSC places the most emphasis on community benefits and shares these benefits across the community.
As a group of researchers engaged in a sub-task dedicated to social and economic value within the Global Observatory on Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading, Community Self-Consumption and Transactive Energy (GO-P2P), we conducted a systematic literature review of this ground. We identified 36 directly relevant articles that provided empirical findings. The analysis of these articles was guided by the overarching question: What are the main social and economic factors that constrain or shape the design, use and impacts of P2P, CSC and TE models? Due to the relatively early stage of development of this field, only limited real-world trials have yet been conducted. These are complemented by work based on surveys and interviews that aim to explore expectations rather than experience of P2P, CSC and TE models. A central part of the value of this synthesis is to set an agenda for how research and development in this space can proceed in a way that is sensitive to different types and different recipients of social and economic value.
The assignment is organized as follows. Part 2 introduces the concepts of social value and economic value. Section 3 provides details of the systematic literature review methodology. Section 4 and Section 5 describe the results of the analysis: Section 4 examines the forms of social and economic value associated with P2P, CSC and TE models and Section 5 examines the factors and conditions for model uptake and success documented in the literature reviewed. Section 6 discusses these findings, and Section 7 concludes the paper with some recommendations for researchers and practitioners.
The study of human values, or ‘what is important to us in life’ [12] (p. 3), has long been a research topic in the social sciences and humanities. Researchers have explored how, while on the one hand some human values appear to be universally held, on the other hand, they are also extremely subjective and context-sensitive. Each individual and each group has its own subjective subset of these values which vary in importance [12].
The Rise Of Microgrids In Developing Countries
Thus, social values are inherently normative, and can be contested by different groups and at different points in time and space. Brown et al. [13] reflect
