“gas And Electricity In Rural Development: Empowering Remote Communities” – Southeast Asia is, in terms of energy demand, one of the fastest growing regions in the world. Due to the increasing control of home appliances and air conditioners, and the increasing consumption of goods and services, demand has increased by more than 6% per year in 20 years. past average. Among the ten countries in the region, the four largest by energy consumption are Indonesia (26%), Viet Nam (22%), Thailand (19%) and Malaysia (15%), more than 80% of the total demand in the region.
The economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in ASEAN countries can be seen in the decrease in electricity demand, which is expected to decrease by around 1% this year. For the whole year, Indonesia’s demand is expected to decline, after a reduction of nearly 11% in May. Vietnam’s demand in the first ten months of the year is estimated to be 3.2% higher than the same period of 2019 – after 10% average growth in the past years. Compared to the same period in 2019, Thailand’s demand fell by 3.7% in the first eight months, while Malaysia’s fell by 5% in the first ten months.
“gas And Electricity In Rural Development: Empowering Remote Communities”
Southeast Asia is one of the few regions in the world where coal production is growing, with about 20 GW of new coal generation capacity under construction, most of it in Indonesia (a major coal producer ), Viet Nam and the Philippines. More capacity is in the pre-construction phase, but some plans are being considered with an emphasis on natural gas as well as the expansion of renewables. An example of this is the Philippines, which announced at the Ministerial Conference on System Integration for Renewable Energy, held on October 27, 2020, that it announced a moratorium on the construction of new coal-fired power plants.
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The ASEAN community has launched an ambitious plan for regional development to support economic growth and the integration of high levels of renewable energy. ASEAN as a region has a goal of introducing 23% renewable energy by 2025. One of the ways to reach that goal is regional connectivity and trade.
An important initiative for regional integration is the ASEAN Power Grid – an initiative to connect the region, initially on sub-regional terms, gradually increasing to the regional level. -region, and ends with the Southeast Asian energy system.
A study is being done to identify what linkage programs are most effective for the region. One such study is the ASEAN Integrated Master Plan Study, which is currently being conducted as Issue III. The study evaluates the interconnection projects that will make the ASEAN Power Grid efficient.
In order to improve the use of physical infrastructure, efforts are also being made to develop ASEAN institutions. ASEAN has an initiative to develop multilateral trade, supported by the 2019 study Strengthening Multilateral Trade in ASEAN, which recommends concrete steps to establish cross-border trade in the region. A number of institutions are participating in the project, including the ASEAN Heads of Costs/Regulations and the ASEAN Industry Regulatory Network.
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The LaoPDR-Thailand-Malaysia electricity integration project is an example of cross-border electricity trade. The project has enabled 100 MW of electricity to be transferred from LaoPDR via Thailand to Malaysia. Efforts are already underway to expand the framework to include Singapore.
Due to the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy, Indonesia’s electricity demand will start in 2020 compared to 2019. This is a significant reduction in the average annual growth rate. about 6% over the previous five years.
Indonesia is projected to become the fourth largest economy in the world by 2040. Coal dominates Indonesia’s energy mix, providing 60% of its electricity in 2019, along with wind Natural gas and oil account for a quarter of supply, with the remainder from renewables, mainly hydro and geothermal.
The current government policy aims to increase the role of renewables in the energy mix, increasing their share of primary energy supply from 9.15% a year 2019 to 23% in 2025 and 31% in 2050. It is expected that a new presidential law will introduce a feed-in tariff for projects smaller than 10MW, projects larger than 10 MW will received through auctions.
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The law is intended to encourage new investments from both domestic and foreign investors in order for Indonesia to meet its reform goals. The state utility PLN plans to increase its renewable capacity from 8 GW in February 2020 to nearly 24 GW in 2028. In addition to PLN’s renewable capacity, private power producers can also invest in new generation. At the national level 10.7 GW of renewable energy has been installed so far. Thermal and solar power account for 57% and 21% of this energy generation, followed by biomass (18%) and solar PV (3%).
Another recent development is the 145 MW Cirata floating solar PV project. It is a hybrid of floating solar PV and hydroelectricity. Solar panels will be installed on the reservoir of the Cirata hydroelectric plant, and smart controllers will need to be installed so that the hydro plant can help balance the amount of generation from the PV cells. , which is unusual during the rainy season. As the largest solar PV project to be built to date, the project is a landmark for Indonesia, using innovative solutions and hybrid technology to ensure the safe and affordable installation of energy different updates.
Being isolated, Indonesia has yet to reach 100% electrification, due to the difficulty of powering the remote islands. Those that have operated until now rely on diesel generating units, although the utility PLN is implementing a plan to convert 152 of these units to use natural gas.
For smaller systems, micro-grids and small renewable energy may be relevant, as it may not be economical to connect these regions to the rest of Indonesia.
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As a land-constrained country, Singapore needs to be creative and innovative to make the most of its limited space for energy production. With this in mind, Singapore has announced a target of 1.5 GW of solar by 2025 and 2 GW of solar by 2030. The solar target will be met by both rooftop and utility-scale components. gene.
To balance the variable production of solar energy, Singapore aims to increase its energy storage. By 2025 Singapore will aim for 200 MW of storage, which combined with advanced forecasts will help balance the system.
Singapore has an opportunity to develop many electronic commerce. Both are active in ASEAN regional affairs and want to expand the LaoPDR-Thailand-Malaysia official integration program to include Singapore. Singapore is connected to Malaysia by two 230 kV AC lines, which can transfer power from Malaysia to Singapore.
In its energy sector strategy, Singapore relies on the so-called quadruple – solar, local installation, low carbon sources and natural gas. For other low-carbon alternatives, Singapore is studying new technologies to further reduce carbon emissions such as hydrogen and CCUS. Natural gas is the fuel source for generating electricity. Therefore, one focus is fuel security by ensuring import facilities through Malaysia and LNG terminals.
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The high demand in 2020 was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and in May there was less demand. Singapore saw peak demand in May 2019 of 7404 MW, nearly 10% higher than the same period in 2020. June and July 2020 had lower peak demand than year before, when demand returned in August, at 7376MW slightly higher than in August 2019 (7358 MW).
The generation in Singapore is almost entirely powered by natural gas: in 2019 about 96% of its electricity was generated this way. In the fourth quarter of 2019 total solar PV capacity was 353 MW and will increase to 388MW in Q2 2020. Most of the capacity will come from utility scale solar PV and residential PV only 13.5 MW of total installed capacity.
In January Thailand became the second country in the world to confirm a Covid-19 case. The government’s response to the increase in cases, which was considered a success by the WHO, was the general lockdown announced on March 21, followed by the start of the night from the beginning of April -fourth to the middle of June. The work done was seen in the decrease in electricity demand. A 2.9% annual decline in March (after more than 3% growth in January and February) was followed by between 7% and 10% less of demand from April to June compared to the same months in 2019 (demand has been reduced due to large storms in June). In July and August demand started to recover, but it was still around 3% lower in August compared to the previous year.
Thailand’s power sector has become heavily dependent on wind generation in recent decades, accounting for nearly 70% of the total in the early 2000s. In recent years the generation gap has increased, with the share of gas generation decreasing to nearly 60% in 2019, followed by coal to 20%. The share of clean energy in Thailand has increased over the past years, from 12% in 2017 to nearly 20% in 2019, which includes hydropower, biomass,
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