Impact Of Climate Change On Biodiversity Ppt

Impact Of Climate Change On Biodiversity Ppt – Why is one part of the earth a desert, another a grassland, and another a forest? This is largely due to _________________ — the long-term temperature and precipitation patterns of a given region over a time frame of thousands of years from _____________ Three major climate types… __________________: equatorial, intense sunlight ______________: polar, least intense sunlight _________________ : tropical and polar The climate is subtropical to temperate between decades

Why is climate important? It determines where humans and other species can ____________ and survive Figure 7.1: Earth has three main climate zones: the tropics, where the climate is generally warm year-round (top); Temperate, the climate is not extreme and usually varies in four different annual seasons (mid); and polar, usually cold in both winter and summer (below). These changes lead to different types of vegetation, such as in a warm and humid tropical rainforest in Australia (top), an autumn temperate deciduous forest near Hamburg, Germany (middle), and the arctic tundra in the US state. Alaska in summer (below). Figure 7-1, p. 147

Impact Of Climate Change On Biodiversity Ppt

Concept 7-1 The main factors that determine an area’s climate are incoming solar energy, Earth’s rotation, global patterns of air and water movement, gases in the atmosphere, and features of the Earth’s surface.

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Weather temperature, precipitation, wind speed, cloud cover ___________________: the average atmospheric condition of the climate area from hours to days at least ___________________________________________________________________ – Mark Twain Short Term Three Decades Long Term

Figure 7.2: Natural capital. This general map of Earth’s current climate zones shows major ocean currents and upwelling areas (where currents bring nutrients from the ocean floor to the surface). See an animation based on this image on CengageNOW. Question: Based on this map, what is the typical climate where you live? Figure 7-2, p. 149

Because global _________ circulation patterns and oceans ____________ distribute heat and precipitation unevenly between the tropics and the rest of the world, climates vary in different parts of the Earth. Three main factors determine how air circulates in the lower atmosphere…

8 Directly the sun’s rays strike the equator at _________________, they pass through the poles at ________________. High ________________ and _____________________ rates in the equator. Angle Evaporation Precipitation Figure 7.3: Global Air Circulation: The greatest input of solar energy occurs at the equator. When this air is heated, it naturally rises and moves poleward (left). However, the Earth’s rotation diverges this movement of air across different parts of the Earth. This creates global patterns of prevailing winds that help distribute heat and moisture in the atmosphere and give rise to Earth’s diverse forests, grasslands and deserts (right). Figure 7-3, p. 149

Climate And Biodiversity

9 As the planet rotates, the equator rotates more _______________ than regions to the north or south. Heated air masses are deflected to __________ and ____________ as they rise… called the __________________ effect! West East Coriolis Figure 7.3: Global Air Circulation: The greatest input of solar energy occurs at the equator. When this air is heated, it naturally rises and moves poleward (left). However, the Earth’s rotation diverges this movement of air across different parts of the Earth. This creates global patterns of prevailing winds that help distribute heat and moisture in the atmosphere and give rise to Earth’s diverse forests, grasslands and deserts (right). Figure 7-3, p. 149

10 DIFFERENT REGIONS The atmosphere is divided into large areas called __________, which can be distinguished by the direction of air movement…or ________________________________. When this air is heated, it naturally rises and moves poleward (left). However, the Earth’s rotation diverges this movement of air across different parts of the Earth. This creates global patterns of prevailing winds that help distribute heat and moisture in the atmosphere and give rise to Earth’s diverse forests, grasslands and deserts (right). Figure 7-3, p. 149

Evaporation of water creates giant cyclic _____________ cells that circulate air, heat, and moisture vertically and spatially Convection Figure 7.4: This diagram illustrates the transfer of energy by convection in the atmosphere. Convection occurs when warm, moist air rises, then cools and releases the heat and moisture as precipitation (right side and top, center). Cooler, denser, and drier air then sinks, warms, and absorbs moisture as it flows over Earth’s surface (below) to start the cycle again. Figure 7-4, p. 150

Prevailing winds across the oceans produce surface water mass movements ______________ _______________ that help redistribute heat from the sun…especially near areas of _________________. These changes in heat and water create _______________, warm and cold ocean currents. Ocean Current Coastal Density

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Labrador Current Oyashio Current North Atlantic Current Alaska Current California Current North Pacific Current Canary Current Gulf Current Kuroshio Current Cancer Tropic North Equatorial Current Caribbean Current Monsoon Guinea Current Drift Equatorial Counter Current South Equatorial Current South Equatorial Current South Equatorial Current Capricorn West Australian Current Peru Current East Australian Current Benguela Current Figure 7.2: Natural capital. This general map of Earth’s current climate zones shows major ocean currents and upwelling areas (where currents bring nutrients from the ocean floor to the surface). See an animation based on this image on CengageNOW. Question: Based on this map, what is the typical climate where you live? West Wind Drift West Wind Drift West Wind Drift Antarctic Circle Polar (Ice) Subarctic (Snow) Cool Temperate Highlands Warm Ocean Current Rivers Warm Temperate Dry Tropics Major High Zones Cold Ocean Current Fig. 7-2, p. 149

Water also moves ___________________ in the ocean, denser water ____________ and less dense water ______________ How do you think this loop affects the climate of the surrounding coastal areas? Vertical sinks rise Figure 7.5: Coupled Deep and Shallow Ocean Currents: A connected loop of shallow and deep ocean currents transports warm and cool water to different parts of the Earth. This loop, which rises in some areas and falls in others, occurs near Iceland when ocean water from the North Atlantic near Iceland is thick enough to sink to the ocean floor, flow southward, and then move eastward (because of its salt content and colder temperatures) to develop well in the warm Pacific. . A wind-assisted shallow return current brings warmer, less salty, and less dense water into the Atlantic Ocean. This water cools and sinks to start this extremely slow cycle again. Question: How do you think this loop will affect the climate of the surrounding coastal areas? Warm or cool climate depending on current Fig. 7-5, p. 150

Ocean currents are affected by _______________ from the atmosphere 2) Heat from the ocean affects the atmosphere ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ of a person? This loop, which rises in some areas and falls in others, occurs near Iceland when ocean water from the North Atlantic near Iceland is thick enough to sink to the ocean floor, flow southward, and then move eastward (because of its salt content and colder temperatures) to develop well in the warm Pacific. . A wind-assisted shallow return current brings warmer, less salty, and less dense water into the Atlantic Ocean. This water cools and sinks to start this extremely slow cycle again. Question: How do you think this loop will affect the climate of the surrounding coastal areas? Circulation

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (__________) Every ________________ the prevailing winds in the tropical Pacific Ocean weaken and in the _______________ direction for 1-2 years Earth’s weather is largely affected by ENSO A change of several years

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Under normal conditions, warm water is pushed _________________ across the Pacific Ocean During ENSO, the warm water flow reverses _______________ westward Figure 4, Supplement 7

Greenhouse gases…absorb and release heat (_______________ radiation) that warms the lower atmosphere

Figure 3.4: High-quality solar energy flows from the Sun to Earth. As it interacts with Earth’s air, water, soil, and life, it is degraded into low-quality energy (heat) that flows back into space. Figure 3-4, p. 57

The addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere by human activities is likely to ______________ more global warming than can be removed by nutrient cycles… _____________ precipitation patterns _______________ average sea levels Areas where we can grow ___________ and some types of plants and animals ________ faster ________ Can be transferred quickly. “Human” change is cultivated alive

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Heat is absorbed and released more by water than by land ____________ land and sea winds oceans and

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