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“smart Grid Integration: Advancements And Benefits In The Gas And Electricity Sectors”
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Operational Planning Steps In Smart Electric Power Delivery System
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Abdullah Hamed Al-Badi Abdullah Hamed Al-Badi Skillit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1 , Razzaqul Ahshan Razzaqul Ahshan Skillit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1 , Nasser Hosseinzadeh Nasser Hosseinzadeh Skillit Preprints.org Google Scholar org Google Scholar 2 and Eklas Hossain Eklas Hossain Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 3, 4, *
Received: 29 November 2019 / Revised: 23 December 2019 / Accepted: 25 December 2019 / Published: 12 January 2020
Pdf) Deep Learning In Smart Grid Technology: A Review Of Recent Advancements And Future Prospects
Smart grid (SG) is considered as the power network of the imminent future due to its fault detection and self-healing capabilities. Energy sustainability, renewable energy integration and efficient control systems are the main factors to be considered in the development of SG systems. Among the various SG concepts, the term Virtual Power Plant (VPP) integrates renewable energy into the grid and provides high operational flexibility, but it requires additional capital costs for control systems and software. The operational activities of the smart grid are largely dependent on active customer demands. This paper defines and discusses various SG system concepts such as virtual power plant, and active demand in consumer networks, and also presents drivers and roadmaps for the development of global smart grids. Furthermore, this work provides insight into current research and development in smart grids around the world, and sheds light on the development and installation of SGs for the Sultanate of Oman.
Smart Grid (SG) development has been in constant focus due to the increasing complexity of electrical power systems, increasing demand for electricity and the need for highly reliable, efficient and secure power supply. SG is considered a next-generation power system that uses bi-directional flows of electricity and information. The ability of data integration, system monitoring, reliable data communication, secure data analysis, and local and supervisory controls of the smart grid can meet supplier-consumer demand requirements such as energy consumption, energy cost reduction, and system efficiency improvement. . There has been a significant increase in the demand for energy worldwide and by 2040, up to 40 percent of the total energy production is expected to be electricity to meet the growing demand for energy consumption in the world. Protects the entire power network from the energy provider to the energy consumer as well as the network from any type of risk. A consumer is able to monitor and control the amount of energy used. Total primary energy use is expected to increase by 48 percent globally, and global net electricity production is expected to increase by 69 percent compared to 2012 energy demand [1]. Furthermore, the use of non-conventional fuels is projected to grow at a faster rate than the consumption of fossil fuels. However, fossil fuels will still account for a large share of energy use in 2040, about 78 percent [1]. It was stated in [2] that about 25% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are caused by power system networks. Inevitable losses in the current grid system with its centralized nature and long-range transmission complexity, and the inability to integrate distributed renewable sources are causing the GHG emission index to rise high. An aggressive approach to smart grid implementation, i.e., more extensive use of a wider range of technologies, can help reduce emissions by 16% while a medium version can reduce emissions by 5% [3]. Furthermore, in the United States, electrical power outages severely affect commercial and industrial activities, with a combined cost estimated at $79 billion annually in 2002 [4]. The cost is about 32% of the total electric power market revenue of $249 billion [5]. Chadwick et al. showed the effectiveness of SG implementation in preventing large-scale cascading blackouts by conducting a case study on the 2003 cascading blackout in the United States [ 6 ]. Load characterization and energy consumption monitoring at consumer end is a troublesome task for conventional grid, SG can cut such concerns with bidirectional communication facility between utility and customers. Furthermore, it has the ability to communicate with consumers’ smart devices, which can help adjust according to on-peak or off-peak hours. Therefore, smart grids have great potential to provide reliable electricity supply as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The birth of SG cannot be traced to a fixed point [7]. Smart meters emerged in the 1970s [8], Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is the basis of current industry standard equipment and smart grid scenarios [9]. Reference [10] reported some past works on smart grids for the period 1997 to 2008.
Grid congestion, large energy transfers over long distances, insufficient investment in old infrastructure and maintenance, increased electric power consumption with peak electricity demand, and increasing energy usage are making it more challenging to meet current grid reliability. Distributed resources. Lack of electricity directly affects the economy, society and the development of the country. Traditional power grids are less efficient due to insufficient investment in technology and infrastructure upgrades and continued use of traditional methods of operation and maintenance.
Furthermore, the harmful environmental impacts of conventional power networks are very serious due to high greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. The integration of renewable energy and distributed generation is believed to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, this requires monitoring and fine-tuning of existing networks, which requires electronic systems infrastructure equipped with information and communication technology (ICT). Thus, the development of an SG requires sufficient time to incorporate successive layers of services into existing electrical networks. A comparison of conventional grid with SG is tabulated in Table 1.
The Effect Of Renewable Energy Incorporation On Power Grid Stability And Resilience
SG can be considered as a modern electricity network infrastructure, which includes automatic control, distributed resources, storage systems, a large number of power converters, reliable data communication systems, sensors and advanced meter technologies, cyber security devices, end user devices, and so on. Sophisticated energy management systems based on energy availability and demand optimization [14, 15, 16]. The global perspective on the concept of smart grid technology is very similar. However, the main focus may vary according to the individual needs of the country. For example, in the United States, the focus is mainly on users and service integration, while in China, they focus more on the transmission of electricity [2]. The SG vision is about a system that can reduce peak demand, reduce power losses, have efficient and smart devices to reduce energy use, identify and prevent power outages by isolating obstacles that cause blackouts in the network, and these can be Achieved with the help of already existing technologies [2].
The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of SG along with its functionality, capabilities and features. It also explains the foundations of modern electric power systems such as SG that use smart technologies. Furthermore, the paper also sheds light on the development of SG in Oman, discusses the opportunities and needs for smart grids, and analyzes the constraints that may be associated with the conversion of Oman’s traditional grid to a smart grid. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses the definition and motivation behind the concept of SG. Section 3 discusses the features and benefits associated with SG. Section 4 explains the basic technical components for SG. Section 5 illustrates several different concepts that have a complex relationship with SG. Section 6 shows the various SG policies and roadmaps undertaken by different countries. Section 7 mentions the current situation and ongoing development works
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