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The Economics Of Energy Retrofitting In Montpellier: Calculating Roi
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Power Electronics For Renewable And Distributed Energy Systems: A Sourcebook Of Topologies, Control And Integration
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A multi-objective optimization approach to improve decision-making towards achieving net-zero energy zones: A numerical case study in a tropical climate
By Lorena Chacón Lorena Chacón Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1 , Miguel Chen Austin Miguel Chen Austin Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, 2, 3 and Carmen Castaño Carmen Castaño Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, 4, *
Clean Energy Freedom
Research Group Energy and Comfort in Bioclimatic Buildings, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City 0819, Panama
Received: 3 February 2022 / Revised: 15 March 2022 / Accepted: 24 March 2022 / Published: 26 March 2022
Buildings are one of the main causes of world environmental degradation because they emit a large proportion of CO2.
Energy-related emissions. For this reason, it is necessary to find a solution to this problem. This research project involves the construction of a mega-model of urbanization in Panama, Herrera province. The classification and systematization of its main components, using DesignBuilder software and SysML diagrams, were carried out for further implementation in optimization analysis to approach the NZED standard. The main goal of optimization is to reduce energy consumption at the lowest possible cost while maintaining or improving thermal comfort. In this study, it was possible to reduce electricity consumption by at least 60% of the original value and about 10% of the renewable energy production capacity by implementing optimization techniques in the associated retrofit category. relating to the building envelope and the behavior of the occupants.
Energy Storage Important To Creating Affordable, Reliable, Deeply Decarbonized Electricity Systems
According to the International Energy Agency and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), buildings are one of the main causes of the deteriorating environment worldwide as they use 36% of final energy. to build and operate. Additionally, they produce 39% of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The implementation of renewable energy sources by energy-efficient buildings allows for a steady reduction in future emissions. Due to this situation, sustainable buildings are becoming the construction standard [1].
Among the important regulations in Panama is the National Energy Plan 2015–2019 [2], whose most important aspect is energy efficiency. It is determined to be necessary to achieve sustainable development. For this reason, both private and public sector companies have collaborated to identify and implement measures to move the country towards a sustainable development model. Several organizations such as the National Energy Agency (SNE), the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Sectoral Technical Committees have recognized the need to take measures to improve energy efficiency across the country. . For this reason, measures have been taken through Decree 398 of 2013 [3] and Law 69 of 2012 [4], which make it mandatory to comply with the energy efficiency indicators set out in technical specifications, not to mention energy efficiency labeling. seen by consumers. Those responsible for complying with these guidelines are stores that distribute appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, lights, and other electrical equipment.
A concept that has become popular in recent years is the zero energy building (NZEB), defined by different authors as buildings with significantly high energy efficiency, energy reduction that they require for operations powered by renewable energy. source, whether produced locally or in nearby locations. Torcellini et al. offer four different definitions for this concept. NZEB by location, when the building produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year compared to the energy produced on site. NZEB by source, when a building produces at least the amount of energy it uses in a year, relative to the source. By energy source, it refers to the primary energy used to generate and power the area, this comparison is calculated through the respective multipliers. Cost-based NZEB is introduced when the amount the utility pays the building owner for the energy the building exports to the grid is greater than or equal to the amount the owner pays the utility for the services. energy service and energy used during the year. Finally, the NZEB is based on the definition of emissions given when a building produces an amount of zero-emission renewable energy that is greater than or equal to the energy used by emission sources [5]. Similar to the previous concept, a near-zero energy building (nZEB) consumes slightly higher amounts of energy than that produced by renewable sources [6]. Equally important are zero energy zones (ZEDs), which can be defined as a group of multi-purpose buildings with high energy efficiency, where the consumed energy is produced locally [7 ]. Similarly, Koutra et al. defines this as a district where energy supply is balanced with energy demand [8].
NZEB has shown rapid growth in developed and/or temperate countries while struggling in developing countries with tropical climates. According to the Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) World Map created by the International Energy Agency (IEA), more than 90% of NZEB projects are located in developed regions such as the United States. States and Europe. Of the more than 300 projects considered in the study, only 11 were located in humid tropical climates but in developed countries. This led authors such as Feng et al. believes that economic factors are the biggest limiting factor for NZEB in developing regions. For this reason, they argue that, in the case of NZEB in humid regions of developing countries, the focus should be on passive techniques and those with a relatively low initial investment, long short payback period [9].
Pdf) A Staged Approach For Energy Retrofitting An Old Service Building: A Cost Optimal Assessment
As mentioned earlier, there has been more research and development on this type of construction in Europe and the United States, so these countries have developed major regulations on this topic. An example is the European legislation introduced by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), which makes nZEB the standard for all new buildings by 2020 [10]. In a similar manner, the United States is implementing new energy policies and programs such as the Building Technology Program (BTP) developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) in 2008. This program aims to create technologies and design methods that will help NZEB have low incremental costs by 2025 [11].
Currently, Panama does not have the above regulations and projects. For this reason, the aim of the present work is to expand the field of local research to help develop future national regulations through urbanization modelling, after identifying the types of measures major on energy efficiency, multi-objective optimization. was made. This is done by evaluating and comparing different reclamation strategies with dynamic simulation and thereby determining the best among them to achieve net zero energy at the lowest possible cost. . All proposed optimization solutions achieve electricity consumption up to 30% of the initial value, which involves changes in occupant behavior with minimal changes for the contour seems to be the best choice in terms of research objectives.
Several studies on net zero energy in Panama have been carried out. Among these is the design and construction of a two-story house located in Playa Venao, Pedasí district, Los Santos province. In this study, passive dehumidification techniques, natural lighting and ventilation as well as high-performance windows, mechanical ventilation devices and solar collectors were applied to reduce electricity consumption. . To comply with the NZEB standard, a photovoltaic system with batteries was installed to supply the needs of the house [12]. In another study, this time in Panama City, a test model was developed for the Panama Technological University based on the general characteristics of the envelope surrounding the school’s buildings. The model was developed using DesignBuilder to find useful solutions
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